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Multi-factor authentication (MFA) primarily enhances security measures within a system by requiring users to provide multiple forms of verification before gaining access. This additional layer of security makes it significantly more difficult for unauthorized individuals to access sensitive information or systems, as they would need to bypass several different authentication methods rather than relying on just one, such as a password.

While user experience, data analytics, and system performance are essential components of a system's functionality, they are not the primary focus of MFA. User experience can be impacted by the complexity of the authentication process, while data analytics deals with the interpretation and analysis of data rather than access control. Additionally, system performance relates to the speed and efficiency of operations and is not directly improved by implementing MFA; in fact, it may even slow down access slightly due to the additional steps required for authentication. Thus, the correct answer underscores that multi-factor authentication is fundamentally about enhancing system security.